Ethereum mainnet launches AI agent economy standard, ERC-8004 ushers in a new paradigm of decentralized artificial intelligence

On January 28, news reports indicate that Ethereum will soon introduce a new standard, ERC-8004, which defines the artificial intelligence agent economy system on the mainnet. This proposal is seen as a significant step towards deep integration of blockchain and artificial intelligence, aiming to enable AI agents to become true on-chain economic participants in trustless environments.

ERC-8004 was first proposed in August 2025, with the core goal of allowing AI agents to directly interact with different organizations, protocols, and applications within the Ethereum ecosystem, forming a decentralized, permissionless AI service marketplace. Ethereum’s official social media platforms stated that the standard enables cross-organizational collaboration of AI agents through a “discoverable, transferable reputation system,” and eliminates entry barriers posed by centralized platforms.

Designed with a hierarchical trust model, ERC-8004 allows different AI agents to perform tasks of varying complexity based on risk and security requirements, from low-risk daily services to high-risk professional scenarios, all within a unified framework. This structure provides a clear pathway for the commercialization of AI on the blockchain.

Davide Crapis, Head of AI at the Ethereum Foundation, pointed out that Ethereum’s inherent advantages in decentralization, security, and openness make it an ideal underlying network for AI interactions. He emphasized that connecting the AI community with decentralized infrastructure is part of Ethereum’s long-term vision.

From a technical perspective, ERC-8004 has built three lightweight smart contract registries for identity, reputation, and verification. The identity registry provides each agent with an on-chain, censorship-resistant, portable identifier; the reputation registry records signed feedback from users and clients; and the verification registry allows third parties to verify and trace agent behavior on-chain. This combination provides a foundational guarantee for AI collaboration in untrusted environments.

Of course, the proposal also clearly outlines potential risks, such as sybil attacks and the difficulty of fully verifying agent functionality through cryptographic means. To mitigate systemic risks, ERC-8004 employs reputation and verification mechanisms, as well as trusted execution environment proofs.

According to Marco De Rossi, Head of AI at MetaMask and co-author of the proposal, the mainnet launch of ERC-8004 is expected around Thursday morning Eastern Time in the United States. With the implementation of this standard, Ethereum may become a key infrastructure for the AI agent economy.