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Since the creation of Bitcoin in 2008, blockchain technology has undergone profound transformations. Today, applications from DeFi to NFT, metaverse, and Web3 are reshaping the digital financial landscape. However, as blockchain technology expands, scalability issues become increasingly urgent.
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Layer 3 blockchains are redefining how the crypto ecosystem operates by introducing a third tier to blockchain infrastructure. Built atop Layer 1 foundations and Layer 2 optimization protocols, these networks tackle fundamental challenges that have limited blockchain adoption: fragmentation

Why Layer-2 Matters Now More Than Ever
Blockchain's explosive growth has exposed a hard truth: Layer-1 networks have a throughput problem. Bitcoin handles just 7 transactions per second (TPS), Ethereum manages around 15 TPS, while Visa processes 1,700 TPS. This gap isn't just a number—it's the

Definition and basic principles
Technical analysis is an approach to predicting asset price changes by studying historical price data and trading volumes. This method differs from the fundamental approach, which analyzes a variety of macroeconomic and microeconomic factors.

Futures contract quotes rarely coincide with the spot prices of underlying assets. This difference between what is paid here and now, and what is expected to be received in the future, creates two opposing market situations: contango and backwardation. Both phenomena create trading opportunities and define.

Why it is necessary to scale blockchains
Every programmable blockchain faces one problem: every validating node must re-execute all transactions in the block. This guarantees security but creates huge redundancy and slows down the system. Boundless solves this dilemma differently — black

Main provisions
The moving average method allows traders to better understand market movements and identify turning points. This approach is implemented through several proven techniques: using the crossover of two lines, constructing a band from multiple indicators, applying price con

Every company must maintain a balance between its assets and liabilities to function stably. Liquidity ratios serve as tools for measuring how well the organization can respond to its short-term financial obligations. They provide clarity not only to the management

The Fear and Greed Index measures market sentiment in the cryptocurrency space, indicating levels of fear or greed among investors. By analyzing various factors like volatility, trading volume, social media activity, and Bitcoin dominance, the index helps predict price movements. While valuable as a diagnostic tool, traders often combine it with other analyses for informed decisions.

Attention: detailed analysis. Risk Management in cryptocurrency markets requires not only caution but also a clear understanding of the available tools. Hedging remains one of the most effective methods to protect a portfolio from unfavorable price movements.
What you need to know about Hedging
By

Can on-chain data predict coin price fluctuations?
In the cryptocurrency market, many traders try to predict price trends through a single indicator, but often fail. The reason is simple - the factors affecting coin prices are not isolated. There is an interaction between coin prices, trading volumes, market sentiment, and on-chain activity, which in economics is referred to as endogenous variables.
In simple terms, endogenous variables are those factors that influence each other within the system. In the cryptocurrency market, a change in one variable will inevitably trigger a chain reaction of other variables.
How do cryptocurrency prices interact with market supply and demand
Take the most common supply and demand relationship as an example. What happens when the market demand for a certain coin suddenly increases? Intuitively, the price should rise. This is precisely the endogenous dynamics in the supply and demand model—price and trading volume mutually determine each other.

Blockchain networks struggle with transaction speeds, limiting mass adoption. Layer 2 solutions, like the Lightning Network and Plasma, enhance scalability by processing transactions off-chain while preserving security. This enables faster, cheaper transactions without sacrificing decentralization.

Halving is a fundamental mechanism built into the architecture of Bitcoin since its inception. The essence is simple: approximately every four years, ( more precisely, after every 210,000 blocks ) the size of the rewards that miners receive for confirming transactions is halved. This phenomenon has become an integral part

Margin trading is a method of amplifying the scale of trades by borrowing funds, commonly used in the crypto market. Traders need to follow the initial Margin and maintenance Margin requirements and be vigilant about liquidation risks. While high leverage can bring higher returns, it also significantly increases the risk of losses, making effective Risk Management crucial.

SegWit (Segregated Witness) is a fundamental improvement to the architecture of Bitcoin, designed to address scaling issues and network vulnerabilities. This innovation has radically transformed the way the network processes and verifies transactions.
Mechan

Trading Bots are programs that buy and sell encryption assets automatically based on preset rules, but they cannot guarantee profits and have security risks. Market fluctuations and technical configuration errors may lead to losses. Trading Bots operate 24 hours, eliminate emotions, and have quick response capabilities, but caution should be exercised in their selection, paying attention to stability and security. In summary, they are tools and not means to guarantee profits; the risks are borne by the user.

Have you ever wondered why the same thing costs differently in different countries? The answer lies in the concept of purchasing power parity (PPP) — a tool that helps economists and traders understand the real value of money.
PPS is a method of comparing currencies through ana