Vitalik Buterin stated that modexp ( the modular exponentiation function in EVM) is currently the most incompatible component with ZK-EVM, with a complexity approximately 50 times greater than that of regular blocks. He proposed creating a new Ethereum improvement proposal ( EIP) to replace modexp with an equivalent EVM code in terms of computation, although it may increase gas costs.
Vitalik emphasized that modexp is mainly used for encryption and RSA signing — tasks that can be shifted to processing via SNARK-based solutions. This approach will make it easier for Ethereum to integrate with modern zero-knowledge technology, while also improving scalability, privacy, and developer experience.
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Vitalik Buterin proposed removing "modexp" to improve compatibility with ZK-EVM.
Vitalik Buterin stated that modexp ( the modular exponentiation function in EVM) is currently the most incompatible component with ZK-EVM, with a complexity approximately 50 times greater than that of regular blocks. He proposed creating a new Ethereum improvement proposal ( EIP) to replace modexp with an equivalent EVM code in terms of computation, although it may increase gas costs.
Vitalik emphasized that modexp is mainly used for encryption and RSA signing — tasks that can be shifted to processing via SNARK-based solutions. This approach will make it easier for Ethereum to integrate with modern zero-knowledge technology, while also improving scalability, privacy, and developer experience.