Algorithms: the backbone of digital systems

What is an algorithm?

At the heart of every computer program lies a structured set of logical steps called an algorithm. This is essentially a series of precise and unambiguous commands intended to solve a problem or achieve a specific goal. These instructions form a clear sequence: a fixed starting point, a series of defined operations, and then an endpoint with a specific result. Algorithms are not limited to computing; they also exist in mathematics, in biological neural networks, and in various electronic devices.

From simple operations to complex tasks

Algorithms can accomplish a wide variety of tasks. In their most basic form, they can perform a simple subtraction between two numbers. But they are equally capable of solving sophisticated problems: calculating the best route between multiple geographical destinations, processing huge volumes of data, or even supporting automated decision-making systems. It is this flexibility that makes algorithms indispensable in almost every field of the digital world.

How to evaluate an algorithm?

Two essential criteria allow us to judge the quality of an algorithm: its accuracy and its efficiency.

The accuracy measures the precision with which the algorithm solves the posed problem. Can it consistently provide the correct answer?

Efficiency examines the resources required (computing power, memory) and the time needed to accomplish the task. The same problem can be solved by several different algorithms, but some require fewer resources than others.

To compare algorithms independently of the programming language or hardware used, computer scientists resort to asymptotic analysis, a standardized mathematical technique in the field.

The capital importance in blockchain

In the world of cryptocurrencies, algorithms play a fundamental role. Take Bitcoin: its system relies on a specific algorithm called proof of work (PoW). This algorithm is crucial for the mining process, where it validates transactions, secures the entire network, and ensures its compliant operation. Without this sophisticated algorithm, the blockchain could not maintain its integrity.

Combine algorithms for more power

A single algorithm can solve a specific problem, but truly complex tasks often require a combination of several algorithms. The more sophisticated this combination becomes, the more computational resources it demands. It is a constant balance: gaining capacity also means accepting a greater computational load. Developers and system architects must constantly optimize this balance to build efficient and sustainable systems.