A key characteristic of the on-chain world is that it can operate without trust. However, this mode of operation does not mean the absence of conflicts. Rather, as system complexity increases, disputes become more frequent. The problem is that these disputes lack effective resolution pathways.

Internet courts provide a new approach. They bring dispute resolution from outside the system into the system itself, making it part of the digital economy. Users can initiate disputes on-chain, obtain rulings through standardized processes, and achieve enforceable results.

Traditional courts face obvious obstacles in this process. They rely on clear legal identities, while on-chain users are often anonymous. They rely on national jurisdiction, while on-chain interactions cross borders. They rely on lengthy review periods, while on-chain behavior requires immediate feedback.

These differences make it difficult for traditional legal systems to cover most digital disputes and place on-chain economies in a state of "non-adjudication" to some extent.

Internet courts address this gap through mechanism design. They emphasize transparency, verifiability, and participation, making the adjudication process more open while reducing reliance on centralized institutions.

In the current era of agents, this mechanism becomes even more necessary. AI Agents are undertaking increasingly more economic activities. When these activities encounter problems, there must be a way to quickly determine responsibility and handle it.

The framework provided transforms dispute resolution into a fundamental capability. This capability will directly affect the sustainability of the digital economy.

When transactions, execution, and adjudication can be completed within the same system, the internet economy truly possesses a complete structure.