Meta is killing off the metaverse. It lost $80 billion

When Mark Zuckerberg renamed Facebook $META -1.46% to Meta in 2021, he described the metaverse as “the next frontier.” Four and a half years later, the virtual world at the center of that bet is being shut down.

Meta announced this week that Horizon Worlds, its social VR platform, will be removed from Quest headsets entirely by June 15. The app will disappear from the Quest store at the end of March. After that, it survives only as a mobile app, repositioned to compete with platforms like Roblox $RBLX -1.29% and Fortnite rather than to fulfill any vision of a virtual future.

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The shutdown is the clearest signal yet that the metaverse pivot has been quietly unwound.

Horizon Worlds launched in late 2021 and never found its footing. The platform never drew more than a few hundred thousand monthly active users, which isn’t enough for a project that consumed billions of dollars. Reality Labs, the Meta division responsible for VR and metaverse development, has accumulated nearly $80 billion in losses since 2020. In the fourth quarter alone it posted an operating loss of more than $6 billion.

The costs were always the argument for staying the course. Zuckerberg had promised the metaverse would reach a billion people and generate hundreds of billions in commerce. Pulling back meant admitting those projections were wrong.

What changed the calculus was AI. When ChatGPT arrived in late 2022, Meta pivoted its public messaging fast. Its AI research division, long led by scientist Yann LeCun, gave the company a credible foundation to build on. Ad revenue improved. The stock recovered. By 2024, Meta had nearly tripled in value from its 2022 lows.

The metaverse, meanwhile, kept bleeding.

In January, Meta laid off about 10% of Reality Labs, or about 1,500 people, and shut down several VR game studios. A fitness app called Supernatural, which Meta acquired for $400 million in 2021, has stopped producing new content and has been quietly wound down.

Meta is careful to say it has not abandoned VR entirely. In a February blog post, Reality Labs VP of Content Samantha Ryan said the company is “doubling down on the VR developer ecosystem” while shifting Horizon Worlds to mobile. New Quest headsets are still planned. Its Ray-Ban smart glasses, which run on AI rather than virtual worlds, have been a rare hardware success, with Zuckerberg saying recently that sales tripled in the past year.

But Horizon Worlds was the flagship, the product that justified the company’s new name, the place where Zuckerberg’s avatar appeared without legs and became a meme. Its closure marks something more than a product decision.

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